Computer Misuse Act Offences

Speak to our Computer Misuse Act solicitors today

For a free initial consultation on your legal position and the available options, contact our local offices in London, Birmingham or Manchester.

For urgent advice at any time of day or night regarding Computer Misuse Act offences, please call our Emergency Number 07836 577 556.

You can also email: solicitors@jdspicer.co.uk or fill out our online enquiry form and we will get back to you quickly.

Our expertise with Computer Misuse Act offences

Our criminal defence solicitors have over 45 years of experience in supporting clients accused of a range of offences, including Computer Misuse Act cases. Our collective experience also ensures that we have the knowledge and expertise to provide a firm defence against allegations related to the Computer Misuse Act, no matter how complex your case may be.

Offences under the Computer Misuse Act are often punishable by prison sentences. With this in mind, it will always be in your best interests to seek specialist legal advice when facing allegations of this nature.

Our criminal defence team includes several accredited police station representatives who will be able to provide advice and representation on a 24/7 basis to anyone accused of a Computer Misuse Act offence.

Over the years, we have achieved a number of positive results for our clients, including in both the Magistrates’ and Crown Court. We have also established strong relationships with some of the country’s leading barristers, meaning we will be able to provide you with access to expert legal representatives with the skills needed to secure the best possible outcome for your case.

If you are accused of a Computer Misuse Act offence, we understand the impact this is likely to have on you and your family. We therefore provide a close personal service that allows you to keep track of the various issues that may have a bearing on your case.

We are accredited by the Law Society for Criminal Litigation and have also achieved Lexcel accreditation, reflecting the high standards of our legal practice.

As a testament to the high standards of client care our team provides, we frequently receive referrals and recommendations from clients who have been satisfied with our legal services which we have been providing for over 45 years.

Pre-charge bail

Being released on pre-charge bail (often just referred to as released on bail) is a common outcome following an initial interview with the police. Where this happens, the police will continue their investigation before they come to a final charging decision.

During this period, you will be subject to certain bail conditions. For example, there may be restrictions of where you can go, or there may be requirements for you to attend the police station on a certain day.

To find out more in relation to pre-charge bail, please use the links provided below:

• Pre-charge bail and Released Under Investigation (RUI)
• On Bail But Not Charged - What Does It Mean?
• How long can you be on bail without charge UK?

Common questions about offences of the Computer Misuse Act

What is the Computer Misuse Act?

The Computer Misuse Act 1990 concerns itself with the lawful access and use of computer systems. It criminalises the acts of accessing and modifying data without the consent of the owner.

Causing a computer to perform a certain function with the intent of accessing specific programs or data would be an offence where:

• Access to the program or data is unauthorised
• The person is knowingly causing the computer to cause that function

The Act has been updated on various occasions, most recently in 2015.

How is a computer defined under the Computer Misuse Act?

The Computer Misuse Act does not provide a specific definition of a computer, as evolving technologies would likely render a definition as obsolete.

Instead, the courts have dealt with the definition. In DPP v McKeown, DPP v Jones ([1997] 2 Cr. App. R. 155, HL, at page 163), Lord Hoffman defined a computer as "a device for storing, processing and retrieving information."

This means that the unauthorised access of mobile phones, tablets, and laptops are criminal offences under the Act.

Why was the Computer Misuse Act introduced?

The Computer Misuse Act was introduced in the UK to directly address and combat unauthorised access, misuse, and hacking of computer systems. The purpose of the Computer Misuse Act is to protect the integrity and security of computer data and networks by making these activities illegal and punishable under the law.

Previous legislation, such as the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981, did not provide sufficient grounds for prosecuting authorities to bring forward convictions in many instances. For this reason, the Computer Misuse Act was introduced.

How many offences are covered by the Computer Misuse Act?

There are several offences which fall under the Computer Misuse Act 1990. As per the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), the following offences apply:

• Section 1: Unauthorised access to computer material
• Section 2: Unauthorised access with intent to commit or facilitate commission of further offences
• Section 3: Unauthorised Acts with intent to impair, or with recklessness as to impairing the operation of a computer
• Section 3ZA: Unauthorised acts causing, or creating risk of, serious damage
• Section 3A: Making, supplying or obtaining articles for use in offence under Section 1, 3, or 3ZA

It is also important to note that consideration will also be given as to whether a Computer Misuse Act offence is committed as a precursor to another offence such as fraud or blackmail.

What kinds of acts constitute offences under the Computer Misuse Act?

Many different acts can constitute an offence under the Computer Misuse Act 1990, even where they may seem trivial. The fact that the various acts may be done in the context of a relationship, a breakup, or at work does not matter, they will nonetheless be crimes. For instance, the following acts could be prosecuted as Computer Misuse Act offences:

• Deleting photos from someone else’s phone, laptop or device without their consent
• Looking through or deleting texts or social media messages on someone else’s phone, laptop or device without their permission
• Sending photos, messages, emails or data from someone else’s phone, laptop or device to your phone without asking them whether you can do so

Thus, going through your partner’s phone without his consent in order to discover whether he has been unfaithful is a criminal offence. Going onto your friends phone without her permission and sending yourself photos which you wish to have is a criminal offence. Going onto your ex-partner’s tablet and deleting photos of the two of you is a criminal offence.

What do Computer Misuse Act penalties include?

Computer Misuse Act consequences and penalties will vary depending on a number of factors. The following sentencing guidelines will apply to these types of offences:

• Unauthorised access to computer material – Maximum sentence of 2 years imprisonment
• Unauthorised access with intent to commit or facilitate commission of further offences – Maximum sentence of 5 years imprisonment
• Unauthorised Acts with intent to impair, or with recklessness as to impairing the operation of a computer – Maximum sentence of 10 years imprisonment
• Unauthorised acts causing, or creating risk of, serious damage – Maximum sentence of 14 years imprisonment
  • OR life imprisonment where the offence caused or created significant damage to human welfare or national security
• Making, supplying or obtaining articles for use in offence under Section 1, 3, or 3ZA – Maximum sentence of 2 years imprisonment

Contact our criminal law solicitors today

For urgent specialist advice, immediate representation or to speak to us confidentially about a Computer Misuse Act offence or any other criminal matter, please do not hesitate to contact our dedicated team of criminal defence lawyers in London, Birmingham and Manchester by telephone:

• City of London: 0207 624 7771 - our senior Solicitors and Partners can meet by appointment in the City.
• Brent & Camden London Office: 0207 624 7771
• Manchester Office: 0161 835 1638
• Birmingham Office: 0121 614 3333

Or email: solicitors@jdspicer.co.uk

Alternatively, you can fill out our quick online enquiry form and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

24/7 legal representation for Computer Misuse Act offences

For immediate representation and advice, you can contact our emergency number 07836 577556 and we will provide you with the urgent assistance you need.